C program to insert node at the beginning of Singly Linked List

Write a C program to create a singly linked list of n nodes and insert a node in the beginning of the singly linked list. How to insert a node in the beginning of the singly linked list. Algorithm to insert a node at the beginning of Singly linked list. Steps to insert a new node at the start of a singly linked list.

Required knowledge

Basic C programming, Functions, Singly Linked list, Dynamic memory allocation

Algorithm to insert node at the beginning of singly linked list

Algorithm to insert node at the beginning of Singly Linked List
Being:
    createSinglyLinkedList (head)
    alloc (newNode)
    If (newNode == NULL) then
        write ('Unable to allocate memory')
    End if
    Else then
        read (data)wo
        newNode.data ← data
        newNode.next ← head
        head ← newNode
    End else
End

Steps to insert node at the beginning of singly linked list

1. Create a new node, say newNode points to the newly created node.
   
2. Link the newly created node with the head node, i.e. the newNode will now point to head node.
   
3. Make the new node as the head node, i.e. now head node will point to newNode.
   

Program to insert node at the beginning of singly linked list

/**
 * C program to insert a new node at the beginning of a Singly Linked List
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>


/* Structure of a node */
struct node {
    int data;          // Data 
    struct node *next; // Address 
}*head;


void createList(int n);
void insertNodeAtBeginning(int data);
void displayList();


int main()
{
    int n, data;

    /*
     * Create a singly linked list of n nodes
     */
    printf("Enter the total number of nodes: ");
    scanf("%d", &n);
    createList(n);

    printf("\nData in the list \n");
    displayList();

    /*
     * Insert data at the beginning of the singly linked list
     */
    printf("\nEnter data to insert at beginning of the list: ");
    scanf("%d", &data);
    insertNodeAtBeginning(data);

    printf("\nData in the list \n");
    displayList();

    return 0;
}


/*
 * Create a list of n nodes
 */
void createList(int n)
{
    struct node *newNode, *temp;
    int data, i;

    head = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));

    /*
     * If unable to allocate memory for head node
     */
    if(head == NULL)
    {
        printf("Unable to allocate memory.");
    }
    else
    {
        /*
         * Input data of node from the user
         */
        printf("Enter the data of node 1: ");
        scanf("%d", &data);

        head->data = data; // Link data field with data
        head->next = NULL; // Link address field to NULL

        temp = head;

        /*
         * Create n nodes and adds to linked list
         */
        for(i=2; i<=n; i++)
        {
            newNode = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));

            /* If memory is not allocated for newNode */
            if(newNode == NULL)
            {
                printf("Unable to allocate memory.");
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                printf("Enter the data of node %d: ", i);
                scanf("%d", &data);

                newNode->data = data; // Link data field of newNode with data
                newNode->next = NULL; // Link address field of newNode with NULL

                temp->next = newNode; // Link previous node i.e. temp to the newNode
                
                temp = temp->next; 
            }
        }

        printf("SINGLY LINKED LIST CREATED SUCCESSFULLY\n");
    }
}


/*
 * Create a new node and inserts at the beginning of the linked list.
 */
void insertNodeAtBeginning(int data)
{
    struct node *newNode;

    newNode = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));

    if(newNode == NULL)
    {
        printf("Unable to allocate memory.");
    }
    else
    {
        newNode->data = data; // Link data part
        newNode->next = head; // Link address part

        head = newNode;          // Make newNode as first node

        printf("DATA INSERTED SUCCESSFULLY\n");
    }
}


/*
 * Display entire list
 */
void displayList()
{
    struct node *temp;

    /*
     * If the list is empty i.e. head = NULL
     */
    if(head == NULL)
    {
        printf("List is empty.");
    }
    else
    {
        temp = head;
        while(temp != NULL)
        {
            printf("Data = %d\n", temp->data); // Print data of current node
            temp = temp->next;                 // Move to next node
        }
    }
}

Enter the total number of nodes: 4
Enter the data of node 1: 20
Enter the data of node 2: 30
Enter the data of node 3: 40
Enter the data of node 4: 50
SINGLY LINKED LIST CREATED SUCCESSFULLY

Data in the list
Data = 20
Data = 30
Data = 40
Data = 50

Enter data to insert at beginning of the list: 10
DATA INSERTED SUCCESSFULLY

Data in the list
Data = 10
Data = 20
Data = 30
Data = 40
Data = 50