Global variables are variables declared outside a function. Unlike local variables and static variables, a global variable is not declared inside a function.
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Static variables in C
Static variables are declared with static keyword. Static variables have an essential property of preserving its value across various function calls. Unlike local variables, static variables are not allocated on C stack. Rather, they get their memory in data segment of the program.
Local variables in C
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Local variables are variables declared within a function or more specifically say within a block.
Block is a sequence of statements grouped together inside a pair of curly braces { and }. Since the first day of programming, you have been using blocks. For example – if…else block, loop block, function block etc.
Variable length arguments (var-args) in C
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In the journey of learning C functions, we learned many concepts related to functions. We learned to define our own function, passing arguments to a function, returning value from a function, recursive function etc. In this chapter, I will talk something interesting about passing variable length arguments to a function.
Have you ever wondered how functions like printf() and scanf() works? As they readily accept any number of arguments passed. You can say –
printf("Learning at Codeforwin"); // Single argument
printf("Codeforwin was founded in %d", 2015); // Two arguments
printf("Today is %d-%d-%d", 19, 9, 2017); // Four argumentsIn real you can pass n number of arguments to printf(), but how it works?
Recursion in C programming
Recursion is expressing an entity in terms of itself. In C programming, recursion is achieved using functions known as recursive function. Recursive functions are very powerful in solving and expressing complex mathematical problems.
Until now, we called a function from another function. However, C language allows a function to call itself known as Recursive function.
Types of functions in C
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A function is a sub-part of a program that contains a collection of statements grouped together to perform some specific task. Functions in C programming is categorized in two category –
return statement in C
A function is a collection of statements grouped together to do some specific task. It may return a value. However, in no case a function will return more than one value. What does it mean by returning a value and where it is returned? To understand this let us consider an example.
Function arguments in C – Call by value and Call by reference
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Function arguments are the inputs passed to a function. A function must declare variables to accept passed arguments. A variable that accepts function argument is known as function parameter.
In programming function argument is commonly referred as actual parameter and function parameter is referred as formal parameter. I will be using these words interchangeably throughout this series of C programming tutorial.
Functions in C programming
A function is a collection of statements grouped together to do some specific task. In series of learning C programming, we already used many functions unknowingly. Functions such as – printf(), scanf(), sqrt(), pow() or the most important the main() function. Every C program has at least one function i.e. the main() function.
Infinite loops in C – Use and Debugging
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Infinite loop is a looping construct that iterates forever. In programming life either intentionally or unintentionally, you come across an infinite loop. Generally a program in an infinite loop either produces continuous output or does nothing. Infinite loops are also known as indefinite or endless loop.
As a novice programmer, you must know how to debug an infinite loop. As an intermediate programmer you must know how and when to use infinite loop. Let us first learn when to use infinite loop and how to define.